進口柴油發動機怠速不穩的原因與分析?
Analysis of causes for the import of diesel engine idle speed instability?
柴油發動機在使用一段時間以后,由于機械磨損會出現怠速不穩的情況,導致發動機在怠速狀態下轉速忽高忽低,機體抖動,影響設備或車輛平穩。產生這種故障的原因一般有兩種,一是噴油泵供油技術狀況不良;二是調速器工作不正常。
Diesel engine in use for some time later, due to mechanical wear will appear unstable idle
speed condition, causing the engine at idle state speed fluctuated, the effect of jitter, equipment or vehicle stability. This fault causes generally has two kinds, one is the bad technical condition of fuel injection pump; two is the governor is not working properly.
柴油發動機噴油泵供油不良引起的怠速不穩
Making making diesel engine fuel injection pump caused by unstable idle speed
噴油泵按柴油發動機各種不同工況的要求。定時、定量、定壓并以一定的噴油質量噴入燃燒室,保證柴油發動機的正常工作。柴油發動機的供油質量好壞,主要是由三大偶件(柱塞副、出油閥和針閥)來保證,其中任何一偶件出現故障,都會使柴油發動機怠速不穩。三偶件磨損造成的怠速不穩,表現的特征是變化周期較短。
Making making fuel injection pump of diesel engine according to the various requirements of different conditions. The timing, quantitative, fixed pressure and injection quality spray some into the combustion chamber, ensure the normal work of the diesel engine. Supply quality of the diesel engine, mainly consists of three parts (piston, oil outlet valve and needle valve) to ensure, any one pair failure, will cause the instability of idling of diesel engine. Three coupled parts wear caused by idle instability, characterized by shorter cycle changes.
柴油發動機柱塞副磨損造成的怠速不穩
Piston making making diesel engine idle wear caused by instability
柱塞和柱塞套筒是一對精密的偶件,兩者以0.0o1~0.003毫米的間隙高精度配合。高壓噴油的建立,是利用柱塞副的精密配合和一定的柱塞運動速度來達到的。柱塞副磨損,配合間隙增大,柱塞副就會漏油,使噴油壓力降低。
Making making a plunger and a plunger sleeve is a pair of matching parts precision, both in space and high precision 0.0o1 ~ 0.003 mm with. A high pressure injection, the plunger with precision pair and a plunger velocity to achieve. Plunger pair wear, with increasing gap, plunger pair will spill, the injection pressure reduction.
柴油發動機怠速運轉時,柱塞的運動速度較慢,磨損了的柱塞副,漏油會比較嚴重,噴油質量相應變差。另外。由于各缸柱塞副磨損程度不可能一樣,還會使各缸混合氣形成和燃燒質量不一樣,使柴油發動機的內部阻力增大,造成柴油發動機怠速不穩。柱塞副磨損,燃油泄漏還會使供油量減少。
Idle making diesel engine running, the movement of the plunger speed is slow, the wear of the piston, the oil would be more serious, the injection quality of the corresponding variation. In addition. Because each cylinder plunger pair wear degree can not be the same, may also make the cylinder gas mixture formation and combustion quality is not the same, so that the internal resistance increase caused by diesel engine, diesel engine idling instability. Plunger pair wear, fuel leakage will enable reduced oil supply.
而調速器的作用是自動調節噴油泵的供油量,使柴油發動機轉速發生變化,供油量增多轉速升高,供油量減少轉速降低。柴油發動機在怠速不穩的情況下運轉時,轉速升到一定程度。調整器會使噴油泵停止增加供油量,這時磨損了的柱塞副仍在漏油,供油量隨之減少,柴油機轉速又自然下降,因而造成柴油機周而復始出現轉速忽高忽低的現象。
Making making and the governor's role is to supply automatic adjustment of fuel injection pump speed, so that diesel engine oil change, increased speed increased, reduced oil supply to reduce speed. Diesel engine to run at idle speed instability conditions, speed up to a certain extent. The regulator will make the fuel injection pump stops to increase supply, when the plunger pair wear out is still oil, oil decreased, the rotation speed of the diesel engine and the natural decline, resulting in diesel engine speed go round and begin again appear fluctuated phenomenon.
柴油發動機出油閥磨損造成怠速不穩
Making diesel engine oil discharging valve wear caused by unstable idle speed
出油閥的密封錐面和減壓環帶同時嚴重磨損后,在柱塞副停止供油時,出油閥此時起不到止回閥的作用,高壓油管中的燃油便通過油閥回流到低壓油腔,使高壓油管內不能保持一定的殘余壓力。如果各缸出油閥磨損不均勻,各缸高壓油管中殘余壓力也不伺,從而使供油的間隔時間和油量不均,還會使霧化質量下降。由于高壓油管中殘余壓力過低和不穩定,使噴油器供油不及時而出現斷續噴油。特別是在柴油發動機怠速運轉時,因高壓油管中壓力升高不及時,使油泵工作反常,該噴油時不噴油,不該噴油時噴油,結果使柴油機怠速工作不穩定。
Making making out of the oil valve sealing surface and the decompression zone at the same time, serious wear and tear, the piston to stop the oil supply, oil outlet valve at this time not to play the role of a check valve, high pressure oil pipe of fuel through the oil valve flow to the low pressure oil chamber, the high-pressure tubing to keep not definite residual pressure. If the cylinder valve wear unevenly, the residual pressure of the cylinder high-pressure pipeline is not set, so that the fuel injection interval and the amount of oil is not uniform, but also make the atomization quality. The residual pressure in low and unstable, so that the fuel injector fuel supply is not timely and intermittent injection. Especially in the idling of diesel engine running, because the pressure rise is not timely, make the pump work abnormal, the oil is not oil, not the fuel injector fuel injection, the diesel engine idle speed instability.
柴油發動機針閥磨損造成的怠速不穩
Making making diesel engine valve wear caused by unstable idle speed
無論是軸針式還是孔式噴油器,針閥偶件的密封錐面磨損之后,必然會出現燃油的滴漏現象,而且霧化質量也隨之下降,噴油正時和噴油規律也有一定的紊亂。出現上述情況后,首先使混合氣形成和燃燒過程出現惡性循環,排煙增大,排氣溫度增高,噴油孔附件近易形成積碳或堵塞。還會出現敲擊聲.柴油發動機怠速運轉不穩。
Making making both axial needle type or hole injector, needle valve sealing surface wear, will appear the leaking fuel, and the atomization quality decreases, injection timing and injection law also has certain disorders. Such a situation, first of all to make the mixture formation and combustion process of vicious spiral, the smoke exhaust temperature increase, increased fuel injection hole, near to the formation of carbon or blockage. There will be knocking idling diesel engine running unsteadily.
柴油發動機調速器出現故障引起的怠速不穩
Making making diesel engine governor appear idle fault instability
調速器造成的怠速不穩,與噴油泵供油技術狀況不良造成的怠速不穩的根本區別是,變化周期較長。
Idle making making governor caused instability, poor and technical condition of fuel injection pump fundamental difference caused by unstable idle speed is, the longer cycles.
柴油機調速器的作用,就是在柴油機的負荷改變時,自動地改變噴油泵的供油量,維持柴油發動機的穩定運轉。而噴油泵的油量調節機構的作用是執行司機或調運器的動作,轉動柱塞改變噴油泵的供油量以適應柴油發動機負荷和轉速變化的需要。
Making making diesel engine governor, is in the diesel engine load changes, automatically change the amount of oil injection pump, maintain stable operation of diesel engine. And the fuel injection pump oil amount regulating mechanism is the implementation of the driver or transporting device action, rotary plunger pump oil supply change to adapt to the need of diesel engine load and speed changes.
油量調節機構主要有撥叉式和齒桿式兩種,供油拉桿的移動位置必須限制在一定的范圍內,而供油拉桿又受到調速器控制。當調速器各聯接部位的軸或孔磨損時,在運轉過程中,零件就不能保持原來的幾何位置,就會發生無規則移動,使供油拉桿失去控制,一會兒伸長,一會兒縮短,供油量就出現一會兒增多,一會兒減少的現象。因為柴油發動機的轉速高低受供油量多少的控制,所以就出現了柴油發動機的轉速忽高忽抵。
Making making oil amount regulating mechanism mainly has a fork type and rack type two kinds, move the position of fuel rod must be limited in a certain range, while the fuel rod by governor control. When the governor of each joint shaft or hole wear, in the process of operation, parts will not be able to maintain geometric location of the original, there will be no rule to move, make the fuel rod out of control, while the elongation, while reducing fuel supply is increased, for a moment, a moment to reduce the phenomenon of. Because the control of diesel engine speed depends on how much of the supply, so the emergence of the diesel engine speed fluctuated.